Albania: CAT raises concerns over detention conditions and treatment of migrants and asylum seekers
During the 83rd session of the Committee Against Torture (CAT), on Wednesday 19th November, and Thursday, 20th November 2025, the CAT reviewed the third periodic report of Albania under the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
The country's rapporteurs were Mr. Bakhtiyar Tuzmukhamedo and Ms. Naoko Maeda.
The Albanian delegation was led by Ms.Vasilika Hysi, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Albania to the United Nations Office at Geneva.
Main issues discussed
The Committee expressed concern over Albania’s high rate of pre-trial detention which is reportedly around 57 percent of all detainees, making it one of the highest rates in Europe. This excessive use of pre-trial detention also systematically contributes to severe overcrowding in prisons. Experts raised questions about the concrete measures taken to reduce reliance on pre-trial detention and to expand the use of non-custodial alternatives.
Specific attention was drawn to the Tirana Prison Hospital, where conditions were described as potentially amounting to ill-treatment under Article 3 of the Convention. The experts cited the findings of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) noting that despite some improvements, detainees continue to face inadequate living conditions, limited or delayed access to medical care, restricted hot water supply and an overall environment incompatible with human dignity.
Additionally, the Committee reviewed Albania’s treatment of migrants and asylum seekers, including allegations of arbitrary detention and pushbacks at the border, requesting clarifications regarding the 2023 Italy–Albania migration protocol. Lastly, the Committee raised concerns regarding the issue of juvenile justice, missing Roma children and child labour and requested detailed data and information on protective measures.
The CAT’s recommendations are available here.
Follow-up recommendations:
The State party should provide information by 28 November 2026 on the implementation of recommendations regarding:
- Prompt, independent and thorough investigation;
- Excessive use of force;
- Ensuring compliance of the 2023 Albania–Italy Protocol on Migrant Detention Facilities with the Convention
Watch here the video recordings (part one and part two), of the dialogue with the CAT.