Libya: Five years of deadlock and a way forward

The international community's role has proved to be a double-edged sword. While initial intervention helped remove Gaddafi, the subsequent influx of foreign fighters and weapons exacerbated the conflict. Continued arms flow in violation of the UN embargo fuels the fighting and hinders reconciliation efforts, further deepening the east-west divide.

Libya's democratic aspirations and economic development are also stalled. The recent resignation of the UN Special Envoy underscores the political deadlock. Corruption, economic disparities, and disagreements over oil resources further complicate the situation. The fragile economy's dependence on oil leaves it vulnerable to price fluctuations and hinders diversification.

A multifaceted approach is necessary to break the impasse. The international community must prioritise arms control measures, support strengthening Libyan legal institutions, and empower civil society organisations (CSOs). Stricter oversight of foreign aid is crucial to prevent inadvertent support for criminal networks and militias.

Libyan authorities face the critical task of dismantling militia rule. Disarmament, disbandment, and reintegration programmes for former members are essential steps. Security sector reform is paramount, fostering a unified, professional, and accountable force. Finally, prioritizing fair and democratic elections alongside a strong civil society is critical for Libya's more peaceful and stable future.

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