Mozambique: Threats against the Director of the Centre for Democracy and Developmen

In the early hours of Monday morning of 15th August, 2022, unknown individuals threw two bullets into Prof Adriano Nuvunga's residence in Maputo, Mozambique. According to the National Criminal Investigation Service (SERNIC) officers, the bullets are for an AK-47 assault rifle. The bullets were thrown at the front door of Prof Adriano Nuvunga's residence, at approximately 05:00 am, while he was still sleeping.

We are reliably informed that the bullets were partially wrapped in white paper with a writing not possible to decipher in full, but in which one of the phrases says “WATCH OUT NUVUNGA”. We understand that Prof Nuvunga made a timely report to the police authorities and SERNIC officers went to the scene to collect the bullets and investigate the case.

Regrettably Mozambique has an unfortunate history of impunity for attacks against human rights defenders. This macabre act takes place within the context of increasing closure of civic space and attempts to block the activities of civil society organizations in the country.

This incident also demonstrates a growing pattern of politically motivated violence against Professor Nuvunga. In 2020, a similar threat was made to him where 3 unidentified individuals called him from an anonymous number, stating that a bomb has been planted at his home. We therefore urge the security forces in Mozambique to promptly and impartially investigate this matter, as all these incidents cannot be looked at in isolation.

This threat to Professor Nuvunga’s life comes at a time where he has been critical of the manner in which the government is responding to the ongoing social unrest in the country, as a result of the worsening economic situation in Mozambique. Furthermore, Professor Nuvunga is a human rights defender at the forefront of defending civic space in the country who has repeatedly criticized the series of human rights abuse in Mozambique, including cases of corruption against political elites.

This cowardly act of intimidation and threat to the life of the social activist Prof Adriano Nuvunga needs to be fully investigated in an open and transparent manner with a view to bringing the perpetrators to justice.

We want to unequivocally emphasize and remind the authorities in Mozambique that social organizations are institutions created under the authority of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique and the activities of their members are fully permitted by the law. The state authorities have an obligation to ensure and guarantee that they operate in a peaceful environment and under the protection of competent State bodies. Further the right to human rights defending is provided for under international standards that are binding on Mozambique, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights, the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights as well as the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders, that was universally adopted in 1998.

As a community of human rights defenders from the Southern Africa region and beyond and signatories to this statement, we express our total support and solidarity with Prof Nuvunga, the President of the Mozambique Human Rights Defenders Network (RMDDH), his family and his colleagues in the human rights fraternity. We will not remain silent against cowardly acts of threats to human rights defenders for the exercise of freedoms, rights and constitutional guarantees anywhere in Southern Africa, even where perpetrators threaten use of firearms against unarmed civilians, as in Prof Nuvunga’s case. The right to life and security is the most basic human right and recognized as a fundamental right of people in Mozambique through the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique.

We therefore demand that the investigation of the case be swift, open and transparent and that the perpetrators be identified and brought to justice.

In particular we urge the authorities to:

• Strongly condemn the series of threats to Professor Nuvunga.

• Reaffirm Mozambique's commitment to promoting and protecting human rights and in particular, the protection of human rights defenders from threats, attacks or other forms of reprisals.

• Conduct immediate, thorough, and impartial investigations into all the threats that have been made against Professor Nuvunga, with a view to bringing those responsible to justice.

• Adopt measures to ensure that government officials or other public figures refrain from making statements or declarations stigmatising the legitimate work of human rights defenders in Mozambique.

Endorsed by the following civil society organisations:

• Southern Africa Human Rights Defenders Network (southern Defenders)
• Mozambique Human Rights Defenders Network (RMDDH)
• Center for Democracy and Development (CDD)
• Pan African Human Rights Defenders Network (AfricanDefenders )
• Helen Suzman Foundation (HSF);
• International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)
• Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria
• The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR)
• DITSHWANELO - The Botswana Centre for Human Rights
• Bridging the Gap: Botswana
• Advancing Rights in Southern Africa (ARISA)
• Botswana Gender Based Violence Prevention and Support Centre
• Botswana Centre for Public Integrity
• Chapter One Foundation, Zambia
• Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum
• Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights
• Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition
• Institute for Democracy & Leadership (IDEAL), Swaziland
• Youth and Society (YAS), Malawi
• Stepping Stones International
• Amalgamated Rural Teachers Union of Zimbabwe
• Amnesty International
• SADC Lawyers Association
• Angolan Human Rights Defenders Network (KUTAKESA)
• Southern Africa Women Human Rights Defenders Network (SAWHRDN)
• Africa Judges and Jurists Forum
• Seinoli Legal Centre, Lesotho
• Khulumani Support Group
• The Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA)
• 30. West African Human Rights Defenders Network (WAHRDN/ROADDH)
• Centre for Women Human Rights Defenders in Africa
• Panos Institute Southern Africa
• FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders
• World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders

Endorsed by the following individuals:

• Josina Machel, Kuhluka Movement
• Arnold Tsunga, Human rights lawyer, Zimbabwe
• Keiso Mohloboli, Woman human rights defender, Lesotho
• Washington Katema, Human rights defender, Zimbabwe
• Blessing Gorejena-Ndlovu, Human rights lawyer Zimbabwe
• Thulani Maseko, Human rights defender, Swaziland
• Tiseke Kasambala, Woman human rights defender, South Africa
• Norman Tjombe, Human rights defender, Namibia
• Alice Mogwe, Botswana

• Charles Kajaloweka, Malawi
• Zenaida Machado, Senior Researcher, Human Rights Watch
• Roshnee Narrandes, Woman human rights defender, South Africa
• Lisa Jamu, Stepping Stones International, Botswana
• Muzi Masuku, Swaziland
• Robson Chere, Human rights defender, Zimbabwe
• Siphosami Malunga, The Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa
• Janet Zhou, Zimbabwe
• Constance Mukarati, Woman human rights defender, Zimbabwe
• Simphiwe Sidu, Woman human rights defender, South Africa
• Martin Masiga, Africa Judges and Jurists Forum
• Justice Alfred Mavedzenge, Constitutional and Human Rights lawyer, South Africa
• Lorato Moalusi, Botswana Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Support Centre, Botswana
• Ronald Chikwehere, Bridging the Gap, Botswana
• Pusetso Morapedi, Botswana Centre for Public Integrity, Botswana
• Elpídeo Mutemba, Human rights defender, Mozambique
• Mooya Nyaundi, Human rights lawyer, Zimbabwe
• Anton Mifsud-Bonnici, citizen of Malta
• Prof Diana Jeater, Professor of African History, University of Liverpool
• Vusumuzi Sifile , Human Rights Defender, Zambia
• Chris Moraleng, Good Governance Africa
• Otto Saki, Human rights lawyer, USA

For more information, contact:

• Washington Katema, +27 73 620 2608 / wkatema@southernafricadefenders.africa
• Simphiwe Sidu, +27 76 675 8168 / ssidu@southernafricadefenders.africa